PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

   

Present Perfect Tense:-The Tense which shows a completed event in present time is called present perfect tense.

वह Tense जो वर्तमान समय में किसी पूर्ण कार्य को दर्शाता है, उसे present perfect tense कहते है |

Identification:-वाक्य के अन्त में या है, ये है, यी है तथा चुका है, चुके है, चुकी है आदि पाया जाता है |

 Stru:- S+have/has+V₃+O+R.M.

Rule:-1. We use ‘have’ with I,They,We,You and two or more than two name and ‘has’ with He,She,It and any single name and then use V₃.

I

We

They

You                                                    -  have           

We and

Two or more than two name                                               

He

She                                              

It                                     -      has

And

Any single name  

   

2.In Negative sentence, We use ‘not’ after the have/has.

3.In Interrogative sentence, We use have/has before the subject.

4.In Interrogative Negative sentence, We use ‘not’ after the subject instead of this We also use short form of have not(haven’t)/has not(hasn’t).

                       Have not      =    haven’t

                       Has not         =    hasn’t

5. What is V3?

Ø V₃ is also called third form of verb.

V₁                                         V₂                                     V₃

Go                                        went                                gone

Come                                   came                               come

Play                                      played                             played

Write                                   wrote                              written

Ask                                       asked                               asked

Cut                                       cut                                   cut

Hit                                        hit                                    hit etc.

E.g. of Present Perfect Tense:-

AFFIRMATIVE

Stru:-S+have/has+V₃+O+R.M.

1.मैंने उसे सूचित कर दिया है |

I have informed him.

2.चाची चाय पी चुकी है |

 Aunti has taken tea.

3. मेरी माँ मंदिर गयी है |

 My Mother has gone to temple.

4.वे लोग लिख चुके है |

 They have written.

5.वे लोग दो बार मुझसे पुछे है |

 They have asked to me two times.

NEGATIVE

Stru:- S+have/has+not+V₃+O+R.M.

1.मैंने उसे सुचित नहीं किया है |

I have not/haven’t informed him.

2.चाची चाय नहीं पी चुकी है |

Aunti has not/hasn’t taken tea.

3.मेरी माँ मंदिर नहीं गयी है |

My Mother has not/hasn’t gone to temple.

4.वे लोग नहीं लिख चुके है |

They have not/haven’t written.

5.वे लोग दो बार मुझसे नहीं पुछे है |

They have not/haven’t asked to me two times.

INTERROGATIVE

Stru:-Have/Has+S+V₃+O+R.M.

1.क्या मैंने उसे सुचित किया है ?

Have I informed him?

2.क्या चाची चाय पी चुकी है ?

Has Tanni Aunti taken tea?

3.क्या मेरी माँ मंदिर गयी है ?

Has My Mother gone to temple?

4.क्या वे लोग लिख चुके है ?

Have They written?

5.क्या वे लोग दो बार मुझसे पुछे है ?

Have They asked to me two times?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE

Stru:-Have/Has+S+not+V₃+O+R.M.

1.क्या मैंने उसे सुचित नहीं किया है ?

Have I not informed him?/ Haven’t  I informed him?

2.क्या चाची चाय नहीं पी चुकी है ?

Has Tanni Aunti not taken tea?/Hasn’t  Tanni Aunti taken tea?

3.क्या मेरी माँ मंदिर नहीं गयी है ?

Has My Mother not gone to temple?/ Hasn’t My Mother gone to temple?

4.क्या वे लोग लिख नहीं चुके है ?

Have They not written?/ Haven’t They written?

5.क्या वे लोग दो बार मुझसे नहीं पुछे है ?

Have They not asked to me two times?/Haven’t They asked me two times?

W-H QUESTIONS

Stru:- W-H Que+have/has+not(if require)V₃+O+R.M.

1.मैंने उसे क्यों सुचित नहीं किया है ?

Why have I informed him?

2.चाची कब चाय पी चुकी है ?

When has Aunti taken tea?

3.मेरी माँ कौन मंदिर गयी है ?

Who has My Mother gone to temple?

4.वे लोग कब लिख चुके है ?

When have They written?

5.वे लोग कहाँ दो बार मुझसे पुछे है ?

Where have They asked to me two times?